ELLHNIKO Linux FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions with Answers)

Georgatos Photis < gef@ceid.upatras.gr> Gewrgatos Fwtns < gef@ceid.upatras.gr, http://students.ceid.upatras.gr/~gef>

1. Eisagwgn kai gevikes plnrofories

• 1.1 Ti eivai to Linux;
• 1.2 Ti logismiko (software) upostnrizei;
• 1.3 Trexei stov upologistn mou; Ti uliko (hardware) upostnrizei;
• 1.4 Ti eidous metafores (ports) gia allous epe3ergastes uparxouv;
• 1.5 Poso xwro 8elei stov sklnro mou disko;
• 1.6 Exei to Linux pveumatika dikaiwmata (Copyright); Epitrepetai n avtigrafn;

2. Pnges kai poroi evnmerwsns sto diktuo (kai mn).

• 2.1 Ti keimeva uparxouv gia evnmerwsn;
• 2.2 Apo pou mporw va parw ta HOWTO kai loipn tekmnriwsn;
• 2.3 Pou 8a preprei va ya3w sto World Wide Web gia 8emata tou Linux;
• 2.4 Ti newsgroups uparxouv gia to Linux;
• 2.5 Pws 8a egkatastnsw to Linux
• 2.6 Pou 8a brw uliko tou Linux me FTP;
• 2.7 Dev exw prosbasn se FTP. Pws va parw to Linux;
• 2.8 Dev exw prosbasn stis omades suzntnsewv tou Usenet. Pws evnmerwvomai;
• 2.9 Ti listes uparxouv;
• 2.10 Arxeio8etouvtai oi omades suzntnsewv tou Usenet;

3. Sumbatotnta me alla leitourgika

• 3.1 Mporei to Linux va moirastei tov disko me DOS; OS/2; 386BSD; Win95; WinNT; Solaris;
• 3.2 Pws prospelauvw ta arxeia mou se mia katatmnsn tou DOS;
• 3.3 Mporw va xrnsimopoinsw to sumpiesmevo mou DOS drive;
• 3.4 Mporw va xrnsimopoinsw to partition tou OS/2 (HPFS);
• 3.5 ***Can I access BSD FFS, SysV UFS, Mac, Amiga, etc filesystems?
• 3.6 Mporw va tre3w efarmoges twv Windows katw apo Linux;
• 3.7 Pws mporw va ekkivw to Linux apo tov Boot Manager tou OS/2;
• 3.8 Pws mporw va moirastw tov idio xwro meta3u tou Linux kai twv Windows gia swap;

4. Xeirismos twv sustnmatwv arxeio8etnsns, sklnrwv diskwv kai diskettwv apo to Linux

• 4.1 Pws mporw va kavw to Linux va douleyei sto megalou mege8ous
• 4.2 Pws mporw va epavaferw arxeia pou exw diagrayei;
• 4.3 Uparxei avasugkrotntns (defragmenter) gia to ext2fs klp;
• 4.4 Pws diamorfwvw kai dnmiourgw eva sustnma arxeio8etnsns se disketta;
• 4.5 Lambavw perierga mnvumata sxetika me inodes, blocks, kai diafora
• 4.6 H perioxn proswrivns apo8nkeusns (swap area) dev leitourgei.
• 4.7 Pws diagrafw to LILO etsi, wste to sustnma mou va 3ekiva kai pali
• 4.8 Giati dev mporw va xrnsimopoinsw tnv evtoln fdformat para movo ws
• 4.9 Uparxei kati sav to Stacker n to Doublespace gia to Linux;
• 4.10 Oi diaireseis tou sklnrou mou diskou tupou ext2fs elegxovtai ka8e fora pou epavekkivw tov upologistn mou
• 4.11 To sustnma arxeio8etnsns tou diaxeiristn diktuou (root) eivai
• 4.12 Exw eva terastio arxeio /proc/kcore! Mporw va to diagrayw;
• 4.13 H AHA1542C mou dev leitourgei me to Linux.

5. Metafora kai metaglwttisn programmatwv

• 5.1 Pws mporw va metaferw eva programma sto linux apo alla leitourgika sustnmata;
• 5.2 Ti eivai to ld.so kai pou mporw va to brw;
• 5.3 Exei kaveis metaferei / kavei compile / grayei kapoio XXX programma gia to linux;
• 5.4 Mporw va xrnsimopoinsw se evav 386, kwdika n evav compiler pou exei givei compile se evav 486;
• 5.5 Ti kavei to gcc -O6;
• 5.6 Pou eivai ta linux/*.h kai ta asm/*.h;
• 5.7 Uparxouv la8n otav dokimazw va kavw compile tov kernel.
• 5.8 Pws mporw va dnmiourgnsw mia shared library;
• 5.9 Ta ektelesima mou eivai (polu) megala.
• 5.10 Upostnrizei to Linux vnmatikes (threads) n lightweight epe3ergasies;
• 5.11 Pou mporw va brw to `lint' gia Linux;
• 5.12 Pou mporw va brw to `kermit' gia Linux;

6. Luseis se diafora koiva problnmata.

• 6.1 To free divei sfalmata leitourgikou (core).
• 6.2 To roloi mou eivai polu la8os.
• 6.3 Ta setuid scripts dev faivovtai va douleuouv.
• 6.4 H eleu8ern mvnmn opws tnv avaferei to free suvexws meiwvetai.
• 6.5 Otav pros8etw mvnmn, argoporei, ews kai servetai.
• 6.6 Orismeva programmata (p.x. xdm) dev me afnvouv va kavw login.
• 6.7 Orismeva programmata me afnvouv va kavw log in xwris password.
• 6.8 To mnxavnma mou paei polu arga otav trexw to GCC / ta X / ...
• 6.9 Mporw va kavw login movo ws root.
• 6.10 H o8ovn mou eivai gematn para3evous xaraktnres avti gia grammata.
• 6.11 Exw kavei xalia to sustnma mou kai dev mporw va kavw login gia va to ftia3w.
• 6.12 Avakaluya eva terastio kevo asfaleias (trupa) stnv rm!
• 6.13 To lpr(1) n to lpd(8) dev douleuouv.
• 6.14 H wra se arxeia se katatmnseis msdos dev eivai swstn.
• 6.15 Pws mporw va kavw to LILO va diabasei to vmlinux arxeio;

7. Pws kavw auto n ma8aivw pws...

• 7.1 Pws mporw va exw kulnsn pros ta pisw se mn grafiko periballov;
• 7.2 Pws evallasw eikovika termatika ; Pws ta evergopoiw;
• 7.3 Pws orizw tnv zwvn wras;
• 7.4 Ti ekdosn (version) tou Linux kai ti ovoma mnxavnmatos xrnsimopoiw;
• 7.5 Pws mporw va evergopoinsw n va apevergopoinsw ta mnvumata sfalmatos tou leitourgikou; (core dumps)
• 7.6 Pws avaba8mizw /avametaglwttizw tov purnva;
• 7.7 Mporw va exw pavw apo 3 seiriakes 8ures, me diamoirazomeves aitnseis diakopwv;
• 7.8 Pws dnmiourgw mia disketta ekkivnsns;
• 7.9 Pws epavaprosdiorizw to plnktrologio mou se Aggliko, Galliko klp.;
• 7.10 Pws mporw va exw to lampaki NUM LOCK va eivai avammevo e3' orismou ;
• 7.11 Pws mporw va exw pavw apo 128Mb proswrivou xwrou evallagns (swap);

8. Diafores plnrofories kai apavtnseis

• 8.1 Pws programmatizw to XYZ sto Linux;
• 8.2 Ti eivai auta gia to ELF;
• 8.3 Ti eivai eva arxeio .gz ; Kai eva .tgz ; Kai ... ;
• 8.4 Ti snmaivouv ta arxika VFS;
• 8.5 Ti eivai to BogoMip;
• 8.6 Ti eivai to Linux Journal kai pou mporw va to brw;
• 8.7 Posoi av8rwpoi xrnsimopoiouv Linux;
• 8.8 Pws 8a eprepe va proferw to Linux;

9. ***Frequently encountered error messages.

• 9.1 Unknown terminal type linux and similar.
• 9.2 During linking I get Undefined symbol _mcount
• 9.3 lp1 on fire
• 9.4 INET: Warning: old style ioctl(IP_SET_DEV) called!
• 9.5 ld: unrecognized option '-m486'
• 9.6 GCC says Internal compiler error.
• 9.7 make says Error 139
• 9.8 shell-init: permission denied when I log in.
• 9.9 No utmp entry. You must exec ... when I log in.
• 9.10 Warning -- bdflush not running.
• 9.11 Warning: obsolete routing request made.
• 9.12 EXT2-fs: warning: mounting unchecked filesystem.
• 9.13 EXT2-fs warning: maximal count reached.
• 9.14 EXT2-fs warning: checktime reached.
• 9.15 df says Cannot read table of mounted filesystems.
• 9.16 fdisk says Partition X has different physical/logical ...
• 9.17 fdisk: Partition 1 does not start on cylinder boundary
• 9.18 fdisk says partition n has an odd number of sectors.
• 9.19 mtools says cannot initialise drive XYZ
• 9.20 At the start of booting: Memory tight
• 9.21 You don't exist. Go away.

10. X Windows

• 10.1 Upostnrizei to Linux X Windows?
• 10.2 Pws mporw va brw eva XF86Config arxeio gia to sustnma mou;
• 10.3 xterm logins show up strangely in who, finger.
• 10.4 Dev mporw va ru8misw ta X Windows va douleyouv swsta.

11. Erwtnseis gia polu palia programmata.

• 11.1 To Emacs petaei core.
• 11.2 To fdisk leei oti dev mporei va xrnsimopoinsei nnn sectors apo auto to partition.
• 11.3 O GCC merikes fores xrnsimopoiei terastia posa eikovikns mvnmns kai kremaei.
• 11.4 To plnktrologio mou trelevetai otav allazw Virtual Consoles.

12. Pws mporw va exw epipros8etn bon8eia;

• 12.1 H erwtnsn mou dev exei akoma apavtn8ei.
• 12.2 Ti va pw otav zntaw bon8eia.
• 12.3 8elw va steilw mail se kapoiov sxetika me to problnma mou.

13. Plnrofories gia to FAQ, adeia xrnsns kai upomvnseis.

• 13.1 Ta sxolia eivai euprosdekta
• 13.2 Morfes pou to FAQ eivai dia8esimo.
• 13.3 ***Authorship and acknowledgements.
• 13.4 ***Disclaimer and Copyright.

14. Gia tnv Ellnvikn metafrasn

• 14.1 TODO
• 14.2 Ta sxolia eivai euprosdekta
• 14.3 Morfes stis opoies diati8etai auto to keimevo