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1. Eisagwgn kai gevikes plnrofories

1.1 Ti eivai to Linux;

To Linux eivai o purnvas evos klwvou tou Unix, grammevos apo to mndev apo tov Linus Torvalds, me bon8eia apo mia diaspartn omada hackers apo to Internet. Snmera otav leme Linux, evooume pleov olo to leitourgiko sustnma. To Linux teivei va exei POSIX sumbatotnta, kai exei oles tis eukolies pou 8a perimeve kaveis se eva movtervo plnrws e3oplismevo Unix, sumperilambavomevwv:

Epipros8eta, to Linux upostnrizei:

Trexei kuriws se 386/486/586/686, Pentium PCs, xrnsimopoiwvtas tis eukolies pou parexei n oikogeveia tou 386 gia tnv upostnri3n katastasns prostasias (protected mode). Metafores (ports) tou Linux givovtai gia olo kai pio pollous epe3ergastes. (Bl. Ti eidous metafores (ports) gia allous epe3ergastes uparxouv;)

{ Idiaiterotnta tou Linux eivai oti dev eivai emporiko proiov kai mporei va diavemn8ei (avtigrafei) eukola. To Linux diavemetai me basn tnv adeia avtigrafns kata GNU (GPL, General Public License). (bl. 1.6 kai http://www.cs.pdx.edu/ trent/gnu/ ) }

Gia perissoteres plnrofories gevika gia to Linux (bl. 2.X)

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1.2 Ti logismiko (software) upostnrizei;

To Linux exei GCC (metaglwttistns gia C++), Emacs (Epe3ergastns keimevou), X-Windows (GUI), ola ta suvn8ismeva ergaleia tou Unix, TCP/IP (SLIP,PPP), kai ekatovtades efarmoges gia UNIX pou exouv metaglwttistei n metafer8ei.

Oi efarmoges pou uparxouv kaluptouv kai tis pio eidikes avagkes, opws:

Omws oi duvatotntes dev stamatouv edw. To Linux mporei va trexei efarmoges allwv leitourgikwv, kai malista me megaln a3iopistia:

Uparxei evas polu kalos e3omeiwtns tou DOS, to DOSEMU ( tsx-11.mit.edu/pub/linux/ALPHA/dosemu), pou mporei va tre3ei to DOS kai tis pio polles efarmoges tou. Mporei va tre3ei kai Windows 3.1 se enhanced mode. (???)

Evas e3omeiwtns iBCS2 (Intel Binary Compatibility Standard) gia SVR4 ELF kai SVR3.2 COFF ektelesima, brisketai sta teleutaia stadia avaptu3ns. (bl. tsx-11.mit.edu/pub/linux/BETA/ibcs2/README).

To WINE (WINdows Emulator) eivai e3omeiwtns gia Windows efarmoges. Eivai freeware, alla dev exei apodwsei akoma kapoio kalo apotelesma. To WABI tns SUN kavei akribws to idio, omws ta katafervei polu kalutera. Trexei sxedov oles tis efarmoges twv Windows, avamesa tous to MS-Office, CorelDraw, Video/Audio players, klp. Stoixizei omws 199$, giati eivai emporiko proiov.

Merika emporika proiovta pou uparxouv gia to Linux eivai:

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1.3 Trexei stov upologistn mou; Ti uliko (hardware) upostnrizei;

Xreiazetai toulaxistov 386 me 2MB RAM kai evav odngo eukamptns disketas, gia mia apln dokimn. Gia mia kavovikn egkatastasn xreiazovtai 4MB RAM, evw gia va douleyei kaveis me Xwindows 8MB. Evas sklnros diskos me xwro 10MB/300MB/600MB (minimum/typical/enough) eivai aparaitntos. Proteivetai eva sustnma Pentium me 32mb, gia aproskoptn apodosn.

Oi topikoi diauloi VESA kai PCI exouv plnrn upostnri3n.

MCA (Diaulos tns IBM) kai oi ESDI sklnroi diskoi tis pio polles fores upostnrizovtai. Gia perissoteres plnrofories deite: http://glycerine.itsmm.uni.edu/mca.

To Linux se suvdiasmo me ta Xwindows, trexei stnv pleioynfia forntwv upologistwv. Deite sxetika: http://www.cs.utexas.edu/users/kharker/linux-laptop/.

Gia va deite avalutika av to uliko sas (karta grafikwv, diktuou, elegktes sklnrwv diskwv, karta nxou) upostnrizetai, koita3te to INFO-SHEET kai to Hardware-HOWTO (Bl. Apo pou mporw va parw ta HOWTO kai loipn tekmnriwsn;)

Uparxei mia metafora tou leitourgikou stov 8086 me to ovoma: Embeddable Linux Kernel Subset (ELKS). Auto eivai eva 16mpito uposuvolo tou Linux, gia va xrnsimopoin8ei se eidikes efarmoges. Fusika autn n ekdosn, pote dev 8a upostnri3ei prostateumevn mvnmn n preemptitive multitasking. Bl. http://www.linux.org.uk/Linux8086.html.

Nees ekdoseis tou Linux upostnrizouv kai poluepe3ergastika sustnmata (SMP). Gia perissoteres plnrofories deite to arxeio Documentation/smp.tex, stov pngaio kwdika tou purnva /usr/src/linux.

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1.4 Ti eidous metafores (ports) gia allous epe3ergastes uparxouv;

Uparxei port (beta) gia tov 68000 (xrnsimopoieitai apo Amiga, Atari), me Xserver. Uparxei sxetikn lista. To FAQ, ftp kai selida gia pio polles plnrofories eivai: ftp.uni-erlangen.de/pub/Linux/680x0/FAQ ftp.phil.uni-sb.de/pub/atari/linux-68k

{ http://pfah.informatik.uni-kl.de:8000/pers/jmayer/linux68k-faq http://www-users.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/ hn/linux68k.html }

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To Linux se PowerPC, apektnse prosfata diko tou kombo sto Internet: http://www.linuxppc.org Otidnpote afora tov PowerPC 8a to breite sto ftp site: ftp.linuxppc.org/linuxppc.

H Apple kai to OSF suvergazovtai gia tnv metafora tou Linux, basizomevoi sto OSF kai Mach microkernel. Bl. http://www.mklinux.apple.com.

O polla uposxomevos Alpha (64-bit DEC Alpha/AXP) exei ndn to Linux: http://www.azstarnet.com/~axplinux/. Uparxei kai lista sto vger.rutgers.edu.

O Ralf Baechle ergazetai gia metafora se MIPS (R4600 se Deskstation Tyne). To FAQ eivai sto ftp.fnet.fr/linux-mips kai ftp://ftp.linux.sgi.com/pub/mips-linux. Oi evdiaferomevoi mporouv va epikoivwvnsouv sto < linux@waldorf-gmbh.de>.

{ There is also a MIPS channel on the Linux Activists mailserver and a linux-mips mailing list. (See `` What mailing lists are there?'') }

H oikogeveia twv ARM (Acorn A5000, Acorn Risc PC) exei duo projects autnv tnv stigmn se e3eli3n, eva gia ARM3 (Acorn A5000, me upostnri3n odngwv gia 82710/11) kai eva gia ARM610 (gia Acorn Risc PC). Osoi mporouv va suveisferouv as epikoivwvnsouv me tov Martin Ebourne < mje@soton.ac.uk>.

Uparxei sav omada suzntnsewv to comp.sys.acorn.misc, FAQ: ftp.ecs.soton.ac.uk/pub/armlinux/FAQs/general-faq kai homepage: http://whirligig.ecs.soton.ac.uk/~rmk92/armlinux.html.

O David Miller asxoleitai me metafora se Sparc. Osoi evdiaferovtai kai mporouv va bon8nsouv, as epikoivwvnsouv me to < davem@caip.rutgers.edu>.

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1.5 Poso xwro 8elei stov sklnro mou disko;

10Mb eivai to katw fragma gia mia egkatastasn, n opoia dev perilambavei efarmoges. Se 80Mb mporei va xwresei isa-isa mia egkatastasn me Xwindows. Se 250Mb eivai mia kaln epilogn prwtn fora. Perilambavei tupikes efarmoges. 500Mb eivai aparaitnta gia eva kavoviko sustnma me 1 xrnstn. Eav uparxouv apo tnv prwtn stigmn, mnv lupn8eite va ta dia8esete.

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1.6 Exei to Linux pveumatika dikaiwmata (Copyright); Epitrepetai n avtigrafn;

Ta pveumatika dikaiwmata (copyright) gia tov purnva tou Linux, avnkouv stov Linus Torvalds, pou ka8orise oti eivai upo to GPL. Auto me apla logia snmaivei oti eivai eleu8ern n avtigrafn, metatropn n diavomn tou kwdika, alla dev eivai duvatn n pros8nkn allwv periorismwv diavomns, kai eivai upoxrewtikn n paroxn tou veou pngaiou kwdika. To Linux DEN EINAI public domain, EINAI GPLed. Bl. sxetika to Copyright FAQ, ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet/news.answers/law/copyright, for details.

Epakribeis leptomereies uparxouv sto arxeio COPYING sta Linux kernel sources (/usr/src/linux).

H adeia xrnsns gia ta programmata pou uparxouv stis egkatastaseis me Linux, mporei va eivai diaforetikn. O perissoteros kwdikas omws, eivai upo to GNU Project tns Free Software Foundation, kai eivai episns me adeia GPL.

{ Note that discussion about the merits or otherwise of the GPL should be posted to gnu.misc.discuss and not to the comp.os.linux groups. }

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