supervision technical summary
-----------------------------
by Peter Trauner (peter.trauner@utanet.at) 2001,2002,2003

version 0.15
 
distributed under a lot of names from a lot of firms

Most games are remakes of popular games, but many
are not so good as the originals.

At least 2 variants:
flipable with serial port
gameboy style
gameboy style smaller

there should be a color supervision prototype

Cpu W65C02S (not W65C02; does not support smb7 $87)
clock speed of 4 MHz is a guess, but seams to be good


memory area:
------------
0000-1fff ram
2000-3fff io window
	  readable 2020,2021 (lower 4 bits),2023,2027 (lower 2 bits)
	  0x200d sensible to writes of 0xff
4000-5fff video ram (might be on a second bus, for nearly "concurrent" lcd dma), readable
6000-7fff nothing readable!?
8000-bfff rom bank (0x2026&0xe0)<<9 gives address of rom chip 
	  (inited to first bank, 8th bank possible)
c000-ffff rom (0x1c000 on cartridge)


lcd
---
160x160 dots in 4 greys
graphic byte
 pixel color is packed in 2 bits
 10(left),32,54,76
 
2000 x size 
 bits 0,1 ignored
 <0xa0 right border of lcd empty
 >=0xc4 linesize 96?bytes
2001 y size
 <0xa0 repeats screen from the startposition (not usable as splitscreen)
2002 horicontal offset in pixel (bits 0,1 used! bubble world)
 (taken only when starting screen update; rest of screen ignored)
2003 vertical offset in pixel
screen startaddress 0x4000+[0x2002]/4+[0x2003]*0x30
difference between 2 lines is 48 bytes (192 pixel)

weird clipping (sssnake) on line start: if (offset>8160) offset=0

mirrored at 0x2004..0x2007

2026 bit 3: 1 lcd on

palette (r,g,b) (0 means 0%, 0xff 100% full red/blue/green)
-------
(scanned --> too dark)
bits:00	{ 53, 73, 42 },
bits:01	{ 42, 64, 47 },
bits:10	{ 22, 42, 51 },
bits:11	{ 22, 25, 32 }


controls
--------
2020
(bit 0 means button pressed)
0 pad right
1 pad left
2 pad down
3 pad up
4 button b
5 button a
6 select
7 start


nmi
---
(handheld not exactly vertical lcd/timing signal! (not stable), tv link exact)
tvlink vertical lcd area finished interupt (vertical retrace)
handheld 61 hertz
4000000/(256+256)=61!
(about 61 measured, regardless if 2000+1 are inited with 0xa0 or 0xc0) 
pal tvlink 50Hertz
2026 bit 0 nmi on

nmi timing tvlink: 
handheld instable results (jittering)
(switched 216e earlier version of nmi)
2169 delay xpos switched
216c delay not switched
22d0 color change after 8 lines
24a0 color change after 16 lines
(at about 3000 handheld delay longer then nmi)

irq
---
2 sources: timer, audio dma
2026 bit 1 timer irq on
2026 bit 2: dma finished irq enable
2027 bit 0: 1 means timer irq occured
2027 bit 1: dma finished request


timer
-----
2023 timer
 write clear interrupt?
 2026 bit 4 set
  starts/restarts timer, shoots in data*16384 clocks (0 means 256)
  measured about 240/x Hz
 2026 bit 4 cleared
  starts/restarts timer, shoots in data*256 clocks (0 means 256)
  measured about 15360/x Hz
2024 ? read might clear timer interrupt

timer shot sets irq request

timing2 (timer 15360 mode: 1, count of 100 nmi)
handheld $6400 256 per nmi
tvlink $868d 344.45 per nmi doesn't look like tv line irq
(note timing2 on emulator not stable!)


tone generators
---------------
(stereo, internal only 1 speaker)
2010/11/12/13 channel 0 (right on stereo jack of flipable Hartung)
2014/15/16/17 channel 1 (left on stereo jack of flipable Hartung)
model: like commodore vic20/c16 only simple timers for rectangular waveforms
offset 0,1(bits0..2 only):
 should be a timer delay;
 counter=[0]|(([1]&7)<<8)
 counter < 7 on console not hearable (offset 2:$4f)
 f=4000000/(counter*32)
 options.samplerate*(counter<<5)/4e6);
offset 2: 
 bits 3..0 volume
 bit 4,5 effects tone frequency; waveform?
 bit 6 permanent on
offset 3:
 7..0 time (255 exproximately 4 sec); write activates tone for given time
 timer write turns audio on; timer out off

; 0c	16 
; 0c#	17
; 0d	18
; 0d#	19
; 0e	21
; 0f	22
; 0f#	23
; 0g	25
; 0g#	26
; 0a	28
; 0a#	29
; 0h	31
; 1c	33
; 1c#	35
; 1d	37
; 1d#	39
; 1e	41
; 1f	44
; 1f#	46
; 1g	49
; 1g#	52
; 1a	55
; 1a#	58
; 1h	62	2047
; 2c	65	1923
; 2c#	69	1812
; 2d	73	1712
; 2d#	78	1602
; 2e	82	1524
; 2f	87	1437
; 2f#	93	1344
; 2g	98	1276
; 2g#	104	1202
; 2a	110	1136
; 2a#	117	1068
; 2h	124	1008
; 3c	131	954
; 3c#	139	899
; 3d	147	850
; 3d#	156	801
; 3e	165	758
; 3f	175	714
; 3f#	185	676
; 3g	196	635
; 3g#	208	601
; 3a	220	568
; 3a#	233	536
; 3h	247	506
; 4c	262	477
; 4c#	277	451
; 4d	294	425
; 4d#	311	402
; 4e	330	379
; 4f	349	358
; 4f#	370	338
; 4g	392	319
; 4g#	415	301
; 4a	440	284
; 4a#	466	268
; 4h	494	253
; 5c	523	239
; 5c#	554	226
; 5d	587	213
; 5d#	622	201
; 5e	659	190
; 5f	699	179
; 5f#	740	169
; 5g	784	159
; 5g#	830	150
; 5a	880	142
; 5a#	932	134
; 5h	987	127
; 6c	1047	119
; 6c#	1109	113
; 6d	1175	106
; 6d#	1245	100
; 6e	1319	95
; 6f	1397	90
; 6f#	1480	84
; 6g	1568	80
; 6g#	1661	75
; 6a	1760	71
; 6a#	1865	67
; 6h	1976	63
; 7c	2093	60
; 7c#	2218	56
; 7d	2349	53
; 7d#	2489	50
; 7e	2637	47
; 7f	2793	45
; 7f#	2960	42
; 7g	3136	40
; 7g#	3322	38
; 7a	3520	36
; 7a#	3729	33
; 7h


noise generator
---------------
(typical white noise shift register?, random implemention yet)
(grand prix, galaxy fighter, eagle plan, kabi island, ...)
used as hihats,... in some melodies
2028/29/2a noise?
2028
  bit 0..3 volume (0000 off, 1111 loud
  bit 4..7 frequency 0000 high, 1111 low 
2029 timer
  255 about 4 sec
202a
  bit 0 ?
  bit 1 always on
  bit 2,3 volume? 00 silent, 11 loud
  bit 4 on?
  bit 5,6,7 nothing?


audio dma
---------
(sssnake, chimera, tennispro ok)
201c: 
 bit 7 dma on?
 bit 0..6 nc?
201b: 
 bit 0,1 speed 00 fast(16384? samples per second), 11 slow (16384/4?)
 bit 2,3 volume 00 silent, 11 loud
 bit 4 should be 0
 bit 5 0 cpu address space?; 1 cartridge address space?
 bit 6,7 nc?
201a: length (*32 for samples?)
2018: start lo (start in cartridge rom space)
2019: start hi

when finished issues dma irq request (sssnake title)
2025 read clears dma interrupt request

sampleformat: hinibble, lownibble (unsigned)
played on both channels


io port
-------
read $2021
write $2022
bit 0 io0 (inited to 0=0V)
bit 1 io1 
bit 2 io2
bit 3 io3

open drain outputs? (1 and 0 level pins connected reads 0 on both ios/pins)


cartridge
---------
prooved on 4 types of boards from 59 known cartridges so far
32 kbyte first half empty
32 kbyte cartridge mirrored (some cartridges rely on mirroring of the halves)
64 kbyte cartridge, die on cartridge
64 kbyte cartridge, smd 27c512 eprom (connection scrambled)
4in1 cartridge (27c020 eprom) (for the handheld only 1 of the 4 64 kbyte images accessible)
all known cartridges ignore the ca16 line
128kbyte cartridge not found yet

cartridge connector (look at the cartridge)
picture side

+         *                         G G
5 n n n n w D D D D D D D D n n n n N N
V c c c c e 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 c c c c D D
          ?                         I O
        1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 4
2 4 6 8 0 2 4 6 8 0 2 4 6 8 0 2 4 6 8 0
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
          1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3
1 3 5 7 9 1 3 5 7 9 1 3 5 7 9 1 3 5 7 9
                              C C C C C
/ A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A
C 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
E                     0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
                                    ? ?

12 *we might be r/*w
1 is something like /A15 or /OE
12 nc in crystball
CA14,CA15,CA16 is controlled by supervision internal bankswitching hardware
 0x8000-0xbfff is bankswitched 
  and can be mapped to 0x0000, 0x4000, 0x8000, 0xc000, 0x10000, 0x14000, 0x18000, 0x1c000 in the cartridge
 0xc000-0xffff is mapped to 0x1c000-0xffff in the cartridge
CA17,CA18 is a guess
40 shorter pin in crystball, connected to 38
38 or 40 gnd in?, which might be used in tvlink to be power supply
40 gnd from internal/handheld power supply
38 gnd to handheld electronic

special 4 in 1 cartridge
------------------------
reinserting cartridge/power off+on switches between games

consists of a 4024 counter,
 clock is connected to +5v
 q1 and q2 outputs drives a16 and a17 eprom chip lines.


communication port
------------------
only on flipable style supervisions
(can be rebuild on the big gameboy model)
9 pol dsub
looked at
  1 2 3 4 5
-------------
\ o o o o o /
 \ o o o o /
  ---------
   6 7 8 9
1 red    --> io0 
2 yellow --> io1 
3 brown  --> io2 
4 black  --> io3
5 nc
6 white gnd
7 nc
8 violett +5v
9 nc

pet(tron) communication adapter:
(MESS svisionp simulation)
1+2 output, 3+4 input
1,3 clock lines
2,4 data lines
cable connection: 1+3, 2+4, 3+1, 4+2, 6+6
hook up timer interrupt about 1920 >(8*2+16)*60
send 8bit data (controlport) every 2nd irq (clock edge changed bit), keep 16 irqs between package
read 8bit data (controlport) (5 irqs clock edge not changed means timeout-->restart)
start receiving byte only on negativ edge
(32 clocks nothing received no connection)
delay own control port by 1 nmi
or local delayed copy and received copy to act
(quite simple, easy in emulation, -game not prooved)
(simple shorting adapter possible 1+3,2+4)

tv link
-------
"adapter" supervision tvset
is a complete supervision, uses the handheld as "gamepad"
comes with a cartridge which must be inserted into the handheld
(and displays a picture on the handheld)
game cartridges must be inserted into the tvlink.
supervision games are displayed in white,black,blue,dark green
tv link is capable of producing a lot of colors (frame, init of empty cartridge)

crtc video resolution
200x240 in 32 colors?

3 28pin dip chips:
2 8kbyte SRAM like standard supervision (connected to bigger die, 1 shared with cartridge connector)
1 32kbyte SRAM for crtc video (white screen when power disabled, reading problems)

internal rom? on smaller die

same picture as NTSC version
small PAL graphics
jumpers
same board for NTSC and PAL versions (only different quartz, different jumpers and HF modulator?)

testings on PAL tvlink on 
good TV (hf signal)
bt848 tv card (hf signal, direct fbas signal)

colors are always too dark
(recardless how to adjust brightness, contrast, hue, color)
screen looks rectangular y/x = 78/113

only mono audio
channels E3, 110, 166, 443
200f: (init 80)
 bit 7 always 1
 bits 6..0 ram
2800-3f ram
 (init 282a df else ff)

tvlink adapter program writes controls to $0040!
palette grabbed from pal tvlink video port (not hf signal
    { 1, 1, 3 },
    { 5, 18, 9 }, // dark green
    { 48, 76, 100 }, blue
    { 190, 190, 190 }

kabi island sachen scroller on tv link "colored" and "shadows"
happy pair doesn't sound ok on tv link too

x clipping different:
untouched right area colored after init
dirt on right side (line, ...)

y clipping different:
not repeated,
looks more like x size is zero (right border immediately after left)

timing 5min measurement: nmi:3b0b counter:0dd0
(--> nmi 50Hz, Clock 17.734475/4 (10% higher))
(--> some gameplay, melodies 16% slower)
(--> most likely audio tones 10% higher)

hartung (germany) supervision handheld:
timing 5min measurement: nmi:4778 counter:0c60

ntsc from screenshots:
ratio y/x = 100/118
clock ntsc ? 3.54MHz
nmi 60Hz?

colors
0,0,0? // black
188,242,244 // light cyan (a lot darker)
129,204,255 // light blue
245,249,248 // white


2004-7 mirror of 2000-2003 linesize reduziert
200e 00 normal
 bit 0 palette on
203f strange (ff written vertical line appeared, $ff written vertical line vanished)

in several registers appears another value
unfortunately colors sometimes overwritten!
(incomplete)
(if 2802 $38, 2803 $07)
2800 00 color
 writing:
 bit 0 --> bit 0
 bit 1 or 2803.1 --> bit 1
 bit 2 or 2803.2 --> bit 2
 bit 3 --> bit 3
 bit 4 ignored? (1)
 bit 5 --> bit 5
 bit 6 --> bit 6
 bit 7 --> bit 7
2801 01 color
 writing:
 write and 2802.3 set 2800.3
 bit 0 or 2800.0 or 2803.0 --> bit 0
 bit 1 or 2803.3 --> bit 1
 bit 2 ignored (1)
 bit 3 ignored (1) (set after awhile)
 bit 4 ignored (1)
 bit 5 or 2800.3 --> bit 5
 bit 6 --> bit 6 (set sets 2800.6)
 bit 7 or 2800.7 --> bit 7 (set sets 2800.7)
2802 10 color 
2803 11 color
 bits 2..0 red
 bits 5..3 green
 bits ?76 blue